Plate Tectonics
The continents are always moving.
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Plate tectonics is the grand unifying theory of Earth science. It explains why earthquakes and volcanoes occur where they do, why mountains rise and ocean trenches plunge, and how continents have drifted over billions of years. The lithosphere is divided into rigid plates that float on the ductile asthenosphere, driven by convection currents deep in the mantle.